The sequestration rates used in this calculator are derived from the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) official guidelines
for national greenhouse gas inventories.
IPCC (2006)
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4: AFOLU
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Key Finding: Tier 1 default values for forest biomass growth and carbon fractions
IPCC (2013)
2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines: Wetlands
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Key Finding: Specific guidance for coastal wetlands and mangrove ecosystems
These peer-reviewed publications provide supporting evidence for
Indonesia-specific carbon sequestration potential and inform the
scenario recommendations.
Murdiyarso, D., Purbopuspito, J., Kauffman, J.B., et al. (2015)
The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation
Nature Climate Change
Key Finding: Indonesian mangroves store ~1,083 Mg C/ha, 5× higher than terrestrial forests
Alongi, D.M. (2014)
Carbon cycling and storage in mangrove forests
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
Key Finding: Mangrove conservation more cost-effective than restoration for emission reduction
Hergoualc'h, K. & Verchot, L.V. (2011)
Stocks and fluxes of carbon associated with land use change in Southeast Asian tropical peatlands
Biogeosciences
Key Finding: Tropical peat/mangrove emit 3-5× more CO₂ when degraded vs. mineral soils
Official Indonesian government documents and international commitments
that define emission targets and sequestration strategies.
Republic of Indonesia (2022)
Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution
UNFCCC
Key Finding: LULUCF sector delivers 60-63% of national emission reductions by 2030
Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Indonesia (2021)
Indonesia's FOLU Net Sink 2030
National Strategy Document
Key Finding: Forestry sector targeting net carbon sink by 2030
Tier 1 Approach
This calculator uses the IPCC Tier 1 methodology, which applies
globally/regionally averaged default values for carbon sequestration
rates. This approach is suitable for:
- Initial feasibility assessments
- Policy scenario comparisons
- Educational and planning purposes
Key Equations
Annual CO₂ Sequestration:
ΔC = Biomass Growth × Carbon Fraction × (44/12)
Where: Carbon Fraction = 0.47 (forest) / 0.45 (mangrove)
44/12 = Molecular weight ratio CO₂/C = 3.67
Full Biomass (with below-ground):
Total Rate = Above-ground Rate × (1 + R:S Ratio)
Where: R:S Ratio = 0.37 for tropical moist forests (IPCC Table 4.4)
Limitations
For policy-grade analysis, Tier 2/3 approaches using country-specific
data are recommended. This calculator provides estimates for planning
purposes only.